Difference of Two Complex Numbers

In the complex plane, the number $z = x + jy$ is plotted at the coordinates $(x, y)$. The difference of two vectors $u = x_1 + jy_1$ and $v = x_2 + jy_2$ is given by

$$u - v = (x_1 - x_2) + j(y_1 - y_2).$$

Figure 11: Treatment of complex numbers as vectors in a plane.